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Non-carbon Supported Nanocatalysts of Fuel Cells
Last modified: 2014-10-11
Abstract
Fuel cell technology is believed to have the potential to become a major source of clean energy with particularly important applications in transportation. Despite considerable recent advances, existing fuel-cell technology still needs to be improved. Catalyst stability in PEMFC is a critical hurdle and key challenge to their commercialization in stationary and transportation power applications. Currently, fuel cell technology uses carbon black as a catalyst support for both the anodes and cathodes. However, the predominance of weak interactions between the carbon support and the catalytic metal nanoparticles leads to the sintering of the catalytic metal nanoparticles and a consequent decrease in the active surface area with long-term operation. More important, the high potentials that accelerate both electrochemical carbon corrosion and the dissolution of the active elements under normal operating conditions, are issues impacting on fuel cell durability that remain unresolved. This work presents a new approach by exploring robust non-carbon TixM1-xO2 as a novel functionalized co -catalytic support for Pt. This new approach is based on the novel nanostructure of the TixM1-xO2 supports which holds strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) between TixM1-xO2 and Pt that can not only modify surface electronic structure of Pt, evidenced from a shift in the d-band centre of the surface Pt atoms but also provide dual reaction sites for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Furthermore, another benefit of TixM1-xO2 is the extremely high stability of Pt during potential cycling, which is attributable to the SMSI between Pt and TixM1-xO2. Interestingly, TixM1-xO2 can be fabricated as a much thinner catalyst layer, resulting in significantly improved the mass transport kinetics and performance of the resulting membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA).The new approach presented in this work opens a reliable path to the discovery of advanced concepts that may lead to the design of new catalyst materials that can replace the traditional catalytic structures and motivate further research in this field.
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