Last modified: 2014-10-18
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 into liquid fuels when coupling with the intermittent renewable energy sources provides a promising means of storing electricity in chemical form. Storing intermittent electrical energy as chemicals by recycling CO2 is beneficial for addressing the issues of diminishing supplies of conventional energy sources and growing greenhouse gas emissions.
In this paper, we will discuss the origin for the pulverization of Sn electrodes during the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to form formate. The morphological stability of 100 nm Sn particles as the electrode for electrochemical reduction of CO2 was studied in a full electrochemical cell at room temperature and pressure. A degradation of selectivity towards CO2 reduction, accompanied by the pulverization of Sn particles was observed during long-term measurements. During the pulverization process, the size of Sn particles decreased from ~ 100 nm to ~ 3 nm in approximately 60-hour operation. The Faradaic efficiency towards the formation of formate decreased from ~90% to ~56%. On the contrary, the Faradaic efficiency for H2 evolution increased during the measurement. The degradation of the selectivity towards CO2 reduction is primarily attributed to the decrease of the potential at the cathode. We will report the stable and active performance of the electrode comprised of nanosized Sn particles. The mechanisms to obtain simultaneous stability and activity in Sn-based electrode will be discussed.