Last modified: 2014-10-18
Abstract
Packed beds are widely used in lots of industries, such as chemical reactors, distillation process and heat storage systems. Generally, more attentions are focused on random packed beds due to their convenience in construction and operation. On the other hand, structured packed beds have also been concerned in the past years, due to their special performances and potential applications. Flow transition is one of the most important issues in the transport of packed beds. Although the flow transition in random packed beds has been investigated by some researchers, it is still unclear which Reynolds number range would be more reliable and accurate for the corresponding flow regions. Meanwhile, flow transition in structured beds has been rarely investigated.
In order to systematically study flow transition in packed beds, the electrochemical technique is utilized to test flow transition in random packed beds with different tube-to-particle aspect ratios (N=2.6, 5.3, 8.1, 9.9 and 12.5) as well as three kinds of structured packed beds including simple cubic (SC), body center cubic (BCC) and face center cubic (FCC) packing forms. The microelectrodes are placed at the tube wall and inner particle surfaces to study flow transition with particle Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 20 to 1100. The critical Reynolds numbers corresponding to the end of laminar flow and the onset of turbulence are obtained according to the analysis of Fluctuating Rate (FR) of current signals (Fig. 1).
For the study of flow transition in random packed beds with different tube-to-particle aspect ratios (N=2.6, 5.3, 8.1, 9.9 and 12.5), it is found that, the critical Reynolds numbers corresponding to the end of laminar flow regime of packed beds with different tube to particle diameter ratios are at about 110 for packed beds with N=5.3, 8.1, 9.9 and 12.5, as shown in Fig. 2. Meanwhile, as tube to particle diameter ratio increases, the flow transition to turbulence would take place earlier for inner probes in different packed beds. Furthermore, the critical Reynolds numbers corresponding to both the end of laminar flow and onset of turbulent flow in the packed bed with N=9.9 are quite close to those in the packed bed with N=12.5, which would indicate that, when N ≥ 9.9, the wall effects on flow transitions in the packed beds would be unremarkable.
The results of flow transition in structured packed beds including simple cubic (SC), body center cubic (BCC) and face center cubic (FCC) packing forms are shown in Fig. 3., For SC packed bed, the transition flow regime occurs at Reynolds number ranging from 260 to 430 for most electrodes. For BCC packed bed, the end of laminar flow occurs at about Re ≈130, the onset of turbulent flow of inner probes occurs at about Re ≈350 and that of tube wall probes at about Re ≈580. For FCC packed bed, the transition regime covers a range of 70 < Re <250 for most electrodes. Meanwhile, the results of structured packed are carefully compared with those obtained in random packed beds. For results at inner tubes, the flow transition in SC packed bed is later and that in FCC packed bed is earlier than that in random packed beds (N=12.5). While for results at tube wall results, the flow transition in SC packed bed is also later than that in random packed beds (N=12.5).